What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)? 

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot, or thrombus, develops within a deep vein in the body. Most DVTs occur within the deep veins of the thighs and lower legs, but may also occur in other regions of the body. 

DVT can be life-threatening, as the blood clot can travel and lodge within blood vessels supplying the heart and lungs. A pulmonary embolism (PE) can occur when a clot blocks blood flow to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Deep vein thrombosis occurs in about 1 in every 1,000 adults, and roughly one million Americans experience a DVT yearly. It is estimated that up to 100,000 Americans die of DVT and PE each year. One-third of people who have had a DVT may experience long-term complications known as post-thrombotic syndrome, in which the affected area may become painful, discolored, or swollen. Because DVT can be potentially life-threatening, early detection and intervention is crucial.

Symptoms of a DVT

DVT may occur with or without symptoms, and is often difficult to diagnose. Nearly half of all people with DVT do not experience symptoms. 

Possible symptoms include:

• Swelling and/or warmth in the limb. 
• Soreness or cramping pain in a limb.
• Tenderness.
• Redness or discoloration of skin.

If you are concerned about any of these symptoms, give our clinic a call as soon as possible at (408)-770-HILL (4455). 

Risk factors for DVT

Risk factors for developing a DVT include age, genetic factors, and lifestyle.

Factors that can cause DVT include:

• Age. 90% of those who experience DVT are over age 40. 
• Smoking. Smoking can damage blood vessels and increase the likelihood of blood clot formation. 
• Injury or surgery. Damage to veins may increase the chances of blood clot formation.
• Genetic factors. Inherited blood clotting disorders present in 7% of Americans may predispose individuals to DVT.
• Inactivity. The lack of circulation in legs during long flights, drives, or prolonged bed rest may lead to blood clot formation. When sitting for long periods of time, it is important to take short walks to promote circulation in the lower body. 
• Being overweight. Being overweight can increase pressure in the veins in your lower body and raise the risk of blood clot formation.
• Pregnancy. Pregnancy, particularly at later stages, can increase the pressure in the veins in your lower body and raise the risk of blood clot formation.

Diagnosis and Treatment

To diagnose a DVT, a doctor may order tests such as:

• Venous ultrasound. An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to image blood flow through the deep veins and can detect blood clots and blockages.
• Blood tests. People who develop DVT often have elevated levels of a substance called D-dimer in the blood. 

Treatments for DVT include: 

• Blood thinners. Anticoagulant medication thins the blood and decreases its ability to form clots. Common blood thinner medication includes rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), and edoxaban (Savaysa). 
• Clot-busting drugs. For severe cases, medication that quickly breaks up clots is administered through an IV or catheter.
• Compression stockings. Snug-fitting, elastic stockings that gently squeeze the ankles, legs, and thighs help push fluid up the leg, facilitating blood flow from the legs to the heart. Compression stockings prevent blood from pooling and forming clots in the lower legs. 

Concerned about DVT? We can help.

Dr. Bradley Hill has extensive experience treating DVT and related complications. Hill Vascular and Vein Center is equipped with state-of-the-art diagnostic technology and a range of treatment options for DVT. At our Vascular Lab, ultrasound imaging allows for a closer look into the deep veins to detect blood clots. If imaging confirms the presence of a clot, treatment for DVT can be started immediately as Xeralto, a blood thinner medication, is now available at our clinic. If you suspect you may have DVT, please contact HVVC as soon as possible at (408)-770-HILL (4455). Early intervention can save you a trip to the emergency room and avoid further complications. 

Written by Nidhi Navaratna, PMA